Exceptional, Alex. I don't know if others have mentioned this, but with the benefit of hindsight, no-one should forget that the actual bat sarbecovirus gain of function research was irrelevant at best, perfectly useless at worst, in helping in its purported objective - of accelerating development of vaccines and therapeutics for a novel virus.
Neither Oxford's viral-vector vaccine method, nor the BioNTECH or Moderna mRNA approaches, needed any of the Eco Health Alliance/WIV research to develop a vaccine candidate within weeks. All it took was the genetic sequence uploaded by Edward Holmes from Sydney University in early January 2020 to provide the necessary input.
Of course, the painfully elaborate deception methods Daszak et al engaged in to hide their complicity made the research next to useless. But the fact it wasn't necessary to the task of countering novel viruses means the entire enterprise is likely pointless. I do hope that lesson gets learned for all our sakes.
Yes, according to Professor Francis Boyle, in a Feb 20, 2020 interview, the original gain of function work was done at UNC, Chapel Hill's BSL-3 lab, and Shi ZhengLi (director of the Wuhan lab ) was allowed to work on the virus with those at that lab and (IIRC) allowed to take specimens of the virus with her back to China. He stated that China provided a grant to UNC, purportedly as a "thank you" for allowing Shi ZhengLi to be involved.
Spot on! Luc Montagnier, the French virologist declared in June of 2020 that it was gain of function man made and was immediately discredited in the world press. The agenda was bio warfare initiated and must NOT be repeated!
This is impeccable work. Thank you for such an enlightening read.
As a fellow scientist (although not a biologist), I’d like to acknowledge your robust evidence-based approach. A truly superb piece.
The contrast with the DEFUSE folks (especially Peter Daszak and Ralph Baric) is striking. How do these people still have jobs? Even if it turned out that they somehow weren’t responsible for COVID, the existing evidence points to some serious malpractice. I don’t think they should be trusted with basic research, let alone heaps of grant money.
The answer to "why do they still have jobs" seems obvious to me: people much higher up than them were complicit in this. From the very beginning it looked to me like the US and Chinese governments both knew that they were complicit and (barring some off-message statements by Trump) they acted like it. They acted like accomplices. At the time I assumed it was because the US could not afford a rift with China. Since then more and more has come out about the direct involvement of the US with WIV in Wuhan.
I submit that Trump was not knowingly involved. When he ordered a stop to flights from China to the U.S., Nancy Pelosi made a public appearance in SF's Chinatown, telling the people of China to come and visit. I believe that was an intentional act to increase the number of persons from China infecting American citizens. I do not believe the timing and use of Covid-19 to allow those on the Left an excuse for forcing mail-in ballots on all of us was coincidence.
Yup. I won"t be holding my breath waiting for the evils ones to be charged with democide. I believe the whole operation is run by the bankers and their minions at the D.O.D. THEY TOLD US STRAIGHT UP THEY WANT TO CONTROL THE POPULATION.
Democide is exactly the correct term. However, Fauci's involvement from the very start (re-funding EcoHealth after being told to stop) and the timing of the outbreak in the U.S. - with Nancy Pelosi on TV telling the Chinese people to come to San Francisco - is more than suspect. It smacks of planning by those within our own government. Funny (not) how "conspiracy theory" has been proven true so often in recent times.
Yes God Bless Montagnier, an honest and brave man of science. God bless Kary Mullis for leaving us the recording of him saying "Fauci dosen't know anything about anything" in regards to trying to use his PCR test to isolate a specific pathogen, the Gold Standard for testing for positive/negative of Sars-Cov2! The "American bureaucrats including the beloved Regan, had Fauci run the show. This is not a mistake, it is paid for by the elitists/bankers/lizards according to Icke/freaks that own and operate the system we all agree to.
Yes, the whole debacle was indicative of planning, not incompetence. The release might have been accidental, but if so, the CCP took full advantage of it when they (reportedly) stopped all commercial air travel within China but allowed international travel, out of Wuhan, at least. If it wasn't planned, what was Shi ZhengLi doing at Chapel Hill during the gain of function work?
You think China took advantage of it, that they weren't just scared out of their knickers and had no idea what to do other than to shut down their economy? The Chinese may have paid a larger price than we did and that is why their economy is in worse straits than ours. Daszek, Baric, Gates and the NIAId seem to be the most responsible. Of course Fauci's lack of brain cells fueled this whole debacle.
Follow the money. Anything associated with Bill Gates self proclaimed goal of reducing the population by ten to fifteen percent through vaccination is an association of malice. And the Deep State is a whole lot bigger than Bill.
(1 of 2) Here are some links to items mentioned above, for people like me who want to at least look at the articles, even if we don't have time to read them fully or the expertise to properly understand and evaluate them.
I also attempt to fill in some details of how researchers create the genome of SARS-CoV-2, or similar viruses as proposed in DEFUSE, entirely from shorter segments of custom-synthesized DNA. I am not a virologist or geneticist, and I found it hard to understand all these discussions in a concrete sense, because I wrongly assumed that the restriction enzymes were to be used to cut up (cleave) DNA which was copied physically from the RNA of an actual virus. In fact, if I understand this correctly, these enzymes are a crucial part of assembling a DNA master copy of the final RNA genome from shorter segments of DNA which can be reliably synthesized.
Some of this terminology used by virologists can be hard for non-virologists to understand.
Michael Wiessman's 2024-01-11 preprint critique of Worobey et al.'s article, revised on 2024-01-21, is "Proximity Ascertainment Bias in Early Covid Case Locations": https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.08680 .
The DEFUSE proposal was to generate multiple novel, fully functional, viruses whose genomes were largely derived from particular segments, in novel combinations, of the genomes of multiple bat coronaviruses, and to add a proteolyic (protein cleaving) cleavage site (furin is a human enzyme which cleaves proteins when it latches on to one of several combinations of adjacent amino acids in a protein) into the spike protein between the S1 and S2 sections, in order to make it more effective at infecting human cells. (The spike protein is a complex mechanical system, and breaking the protein in two at the right time enhances its ability to infect the cell: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-021-00418-x .)
The testing was to be done on mice which were genetically engineered (by Ralph Baric and colleagues at University of North Carolina) to have the human version of the ACE2 receptor on the outside of cells in their lungs and airways. This is reckless gain of function (GoF) research - deliberately making one or more chimeric viruses (the genome is assembled from parts of multiple related virus genomes, plus the furin cleavage site) in order to make them capable of causing disease and so presumably transmission and harm or death in humans.
The plan was to further alter these viruses so they would become infectious, but not deadly, to bats. These would then be used as a self-replicating "vaccine" to be sprayed by battery powered automated equipment (in a subsequent project) installed at the entrances to bat caves all over the world, particularly in China and Southeast Asia. The supposed purpose of this was to immunize all such bats against some currently unidentified and/or yet to evolve variation of existing viruses which might evolve in bats in ways which would enable these viruses to infect humans.
Never mind the practicalities of finding all the bat caves and maintaining tens of thousands of these spray stations deep in jungles all over the world, or the bats trying to avoid being sprayed. Never mind the chance that these viruses would, themselves, evolve into a virus which does cross over to humans and cause a deadly pandemic. The proposal was not only reckless, but wildly implausible as a method of reducing the chance of human epidemics. I wonder what the hell Peter Daszak and the other DEFUSE authors were smoking.
The real purpose of this proposal was surely to get millions of dollars of taxpayer money to fund the so-called non-profit EcoHealth Alliance (EHA). It is certainly profitable for the president, Peter Daszak, who was paid USD$410,000 in 2019 to run this "non-profit" and do similar work: https://nypost.com/2021/06/04/who-is-peter-daszak-exec-who-sent-taxpayer-money-to-wuhan-lab/ .
Until recently I was unable to understand the process by which EHA, Ralph Baric and colleagues and/or the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WiV) created these chimeric viruses. A central part of the process was particular restriction enzymes, which can recognise a pattern of 4 nucleotides in a strand (or circular plasmid) of DNA, and cleave the strands next to this pattern, leaving the ends with four nucleotides of single strand DNA which can then be attracted to and bind to another strand (such as that which remains on the other half of the cleavage, with complementary nucleotides) with a ligation enzyme rejoining them to form normal double strand DNA again.
I thought that the researchers were working with a plasmid of DNA which was a copy of the information contained in the actual RNA of a corona virus. DNA is much more robust and easier to manipulate than RNA. So I thought that the role of these restriction enzymes was to cut up such DNA into multiple sections, to do this with the genomes of multiple species of coronavirus, and then to rejoin sections from multiple species to create a novel, genuinely chimeric, virus. However, I could not understand how they were apparently able to orchestrate these restriction sites, with some freedom, to place them in particular locations, including in the middle of whole genes, when they were getting one gene from one virus and another gene from another virus.
My understanding, which I hope Alex will check and correct if necessary, is now that the RNA for the final functional viruses were made by an enzymatic copy of the genetic information in a DNA plasmid (circular piece of double strand DNA), and that the purpose of these restriction enzymes is to assemble this plasmid from shorter sections contained within other plasmids, where those other plasmids are all entirely synthesized. So there is no physical copying from actual virus RNA genomes at all.
As best I understand it, the researchers create an ideal genome for the virus they want to create, as a computer file. They can do this with a text editor or more elaborate techniques. The file is a long list of characters, each representing one of four nucleotides. This can be interpreted, by humans, computer software and in Nature by ribosomes as triplets of nucleotides (each triplet is a codon) which specify, primarily, one of 20 amino acids in that position in the protein produced according to this genetic information by a cell's ribosome.
(2 of 2) The researchers can copy these strings of nucleotide-representing characters from known viral genetic sequences, with whatever additions, deletions and alterations they like.
If it was possible to order DNA to be made according to that final file (about 30,000 nucleotides for SARS-CoV-2), then the researchers would simply upload the file to one of many companies which synthesize DNA to order. However, the whole genome is too long for this. It is only practical to synthesize shorter pieces of DNA, since longer pieces have too many errors.
So the researchers need to split their ideal genome into multiple shorter sections (as few as possible, with each section not too long), each of which will be the major part of a plasmid they can have synthesized to their exact specification. They would get a vial containing billions of copies of one DNA plasmid, and another vial containing billions of a second plasmid and so on - six in this case.
To do this, they have to alter the computer file of their ideal genome in ways which contain the restriction enzyme recognition sites. (I guess these are retained in the final DNA, and so viral genome, but I understand there are ways of avoiding this.) As best I understand it, this can be done by finding sections of the genome which can be altered to create the recognition patterns, and the desired 4 four base-pairs of nucleotides which will form the 4 long single strand (sticky, meaning they can join with another such tail which matches) tails after the cleavage. These tails are made to have patterns of nucleotides so that the right end of segment 1 has a tail which is attracted to the left end of segment 2, so the two segments will be joined in the Golden Gate Assembly process (and likewise all 6 segments in the correct order to form a plasmid with the full viral genome), as the result of the following process, which the researchers do in their lab with almost no equipment: They mix all the original plasmids in a test tube with restriction enzymes and the ligation enzymes which bonds the segments together. Each set of enzymes operates at a different temperature, with the enzymes being activated to cleave and then join, multiple times, simply by changing the temperature. By careful design, only the desired segments in each of the 6 synthetic plasmids are joined to make the final desired, full length, plasmid.
To create the recognition sites and nearby patterns of nucleotides which would become the sticky tails of the separated segments, one from each of the 6 synthetic DNA plasmid, it is, as best I understand it, necessary to find a short section, in the desired approximate location, of the ideal genome which can have its nucleotides altered in ways which achieve the desired patterns, without altering the proteins which these nucleotides instruct the cell's mitochondria to manufacture when this viral RNA programs the cell to produce more viruses. This is a simple matter of text editing the file, but there would be high levels of skill and/or specialised software to find the best places to make the required changes.
Triplets of three adjacent nucleotides (each one of the four possible nucleotides, in DNA abbreviated to T, C, A and G, which match their RNA equivalents, abbreviated to U, C, A and G) constitute a codon - a single body of information which tells the cell's ribosome which of 20 amino acids to add to the growing protein, or whether to stop or do something else.
There are 4 x 4 x 4 = 64 possible states of each triplet of nucleotides, 60 of which specify one of 20 amino acids. All but one amino acid can be specified by two or more combinations of nucleotides.
If, by editing their computer file, the researchers change a triplet of nucleotides in a codon from ACA to ACG, as part of creating their desired restriction enzyme recognition sites and related tail codons, then they can do this without changing the triplet's function of specifying the amino acid proline. This change, which in Nature would be known as a mutation, of the codon's third nucleotide from Adenine to Guanine, is known as a "silent mutation" since it does not alter the amino acid which is used to build this part of the final protein which this section of the genome (the gene which encompasses this codon) specifies.
Restriction enzyme recognition sites occur naturally in viruses in the wild. The six restriction enzyme sites found in 2022 by Bruttel, Van Dongen and Washburne https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512756v2 (preprint, which I understand is undergoing peer review for journal publication) were somehow shown to result from (or, I guess be capable of being produced by manually created) silent mutations at a rate which is much greater than would be expected if these sites had evolved in natural viruses. This is further, strong, evidence for the original SARS-CoV-2 genome to have been designed by researchers, on their computer, to be assembled with the help of two specific restriction enzymes, BsaI and BsmBI, using Golden Gate Assembly, rather than having evolved naturally in real viruses.
Bruttel et al. discovered that the SARS-CoV-2 genome contains (or contains evidence of) six such restriction sites, and that these were relatively evenly spaced - which is statistically extremely unlikely in a naturally evolved virus.
"PI" means Principal Investigator.
"Rescuing" a virus from a genetic sequence stored in a computer file means taking that genetic data, working on it as just described to prepare it for a "reverse genetics" DNA plasmid assembly technique such as Golden Gate, ordering the DNA plasmids to be made according to the results of those transformations, mixing the plasmids with the restriction and the joining (ligation) enzymes, running the process to create the desired single full sized plasmid, taking some steps to find the error-free versions of such plasmids, creating RNA from such plasmids and injecting (via electrically disrupting cell walls) that RNA into cells which are then programmed by the RNA to create copies of that RNA and the virus particles which enclose those copies. So the cells produce complete, infective, viruses in a totally synthetic process which starts with one or more computer files.
It is common practice to carry out at least a subset of research work before applying for funding to do such work fully. Otherwise, there is a danger of accepting and spending funding and then being unable to deliver the promised goods. So it is likely that some or many of the elements of the DEFUSE funding proposal had already been done by Ralph Baric and colleagues, including those at WiV, before the funding proposal was submitted.
As far as I know, it is not clear where the genome was designed (University of North Carolina, or WiV), where the DNA plasmid and then RNA copy was created and where the RNA was used to make actual viruses. It hardly matters, since the US and Chinese government funded all the research at UNC and WiV, with the researchers at both locations working together. The researchers and their governments have been covering up their work ever since.
The most important individual in this whole affair is undoubtedly UNC Professor Ralph Baric, who devised all the specialised genetic engineering techniques for corona viruses, and who had already done GoF research in 2016 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1517719113 to create coronaviruses which are adept at infecting humans (tested in mice with human ACE2). He nonchalantly refers to such research, which could have lead to a COVID-19 like pandemic (since the virus killed most of the mice), in this video https://youtu.be/UuERPvBFfco?t=614: See also: https://nutritionmatters.substack.com/p/the-origins-of-sars-cov-2 .
Alex, can you confirm and provide a reference for the following? I recall that the particular nucleotides which make the proteins in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's furin cleavage sites are in a pattern most favored by researchers - CGG CGG - and least likely to occur by natural evolution: 6 nucleotides (perhaps base-pairs is a better term) in a row, making two codons which specify the two arginine amino acids which are a crucial part of the cleavage site. Arginine can be specified, in DNA, with CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA or AGG. So there are 6 combinations the nucleotides could be in for both the first and the second codon, all with the same pair of resultant amino acids. This means there are 36 ways of specifying these two arginines.
The “genomic sequencing” for SARS-CoV-2 is complete fraud. The Corman-Drosten team developed the test for Covid-19 based on an In-silico Genetic Sequence (from a computer simulation).
They did not have any Viral Isolates of Covid-19 available, nor any clinical samples of anyone sick with the alleged new disease. Simply based on that, the test is invalid.
A new medical test must be validated against a 'Gold Standard", that is, a test which is 100% accurate.
The Corman-Drosten team, used the SARS sequence from 2003 (which was never properly purified or isolated, the same procedure was done with this virus as well), they then used the PCR primer related to that sequence, amplified it using PCR, sequenced what they amplified (they did this multiple times) and used the sequences that were different from the SARS sequence to develop primers for the diagnostic test. However, since there were no purified samples or Isolates of any kind, this entire experiment is made up.
A PCR test is not a diagnostic test, as it does not test for the presence of a virus, it simply tests for genetic material/genetic debri and must be coupled with Clinical Representation of a specific set of symptoms.
It turns out, when you input the sequences that are being tested for, to show a positive case, the sequences show up 93 times in the human genome, and approx. 91 times from Bacteria/Fungi (Microbes). These supposed "New" sequences show up in nature and are not new at all.
Never mind, you cannot possibly say these sequences are coming from a "new virus" if you don't have the virus in the first place.
The team then sends this test to China, to test for this "Novel" virus that they created a test for, with none of the "Novel" virus at their disposal.
The Chinese find these sequences in their 'Atypical Pneumonia" patients with non-specific respiratory symptoms, (obviously being that these sequences show up in humans), and they create an entire "Genome" based off of 1 Clinical Sample.
In order to create a Genome correctly, you would need hundreds upon thousands of samples to develop an actual accurate "Viral Genome", they took 1 person that tested positive with a PCR test created without any virus.
They take a Clinical Sample from a PCR Positive person's lung fluid, with symptoms consistent to "Atypical Pneumonia". They take only the Short RNA strands from the clinical sample, and put them into a Computer Program, these Programs being: Megahit and Trinity.
These two programs assemble a bunch of Contigs (Possible Genome structures) made up of all the short RNA strands from the person, which number 56 Million.
The Trinity computer came up with 1,329,960 contigs ranging from 201-11,760 base pairs, the Megahit computer came up with 384,096 contigs ranging from 200-30,474 base pairs. In layman, the computer generated almost 2 Million possible Genome Structures.
The longest contig (30,474 base pairs) was chosen, simply because it was the longest one. Upon further investigation, this genome was only 80% similar to SARS-COV 1 bat-like sequence. They then add some Sars 1 Sequences to make it look more like a SARS virus.
80%, is less similar than what humans are to house cats. The claim was the Genome totaled to 29,903 bases long, which negates 571 bases from the contig, if those weren't valid how do we know this entire contig is valid?
The Contig chosen, was created out of 123,613 different pieces of short RNA from the clinical genetic sample.
They don't know where these sequences are coming from, they don't know if the genome is real, they don't know the amount of error in the process, they don't know how many "reads" were correct, this entire thing is theoretical and computer generated.
Then come thousands of papers and studies and reports all based on...Turtles All The Way Down.
You’re way above me with the “contig” data, but how about this. They bring about massive contamination of the population with scientifically provable pathogens and/or dirty electricity/EMFs/microwave tech. or via spraying or contaminating water supplies. The “virus” theory is really byproducts or waste of cellular damage (some have referred to this as exozomes perhaps?) of which they have sequenced. How easy is it to fudge a diagnostic test to verify a “virus?” But I’m just a big dummy, what do I know.
You need to start with where it all began - Fan Wu et al. Enjoy reading about the meaningless, assembled "genome" and see how a fake pandemic begins, no virus required.
Once the curtain is pulled back on the unsubstantiated lab-leak hypotheses, the socially engineered sorcery of the Covid Pandemic is revealed as the base scheme that it is.
The lab-leak claim posits that SARS-CoV-2 is an engineered quasi-biological phenomenon rather than the computer-generated apparition it is.. This theory advances the fanciful Reality TV-like plot that a bioweapon miraculously escaped—or was released intentionally—from a biological research facility in faraway Wuhan, China, only to go on a rampage and kill millions of people. By implying that the virus was a man-made microbial murderer, promulgators of the lab-leak fable avoid facing the fact that the last three-and-a-half years were a deliberate, highly organized culling of the global population under the guise of protecting public health.
Unfortunately, many in-the-know folks who are skeptical of the medical industry's pharmacological fantasies are still trapped on the lab-leak circuit of the Covid merry-go-round. Midst the hyperfocus on gain-of-function research, furin cleavage sites, restriction enzymes, and the rest of the sci-fi vernacular that shroud the lab-leak hypothesis in scientific-sounding mumbo jumbo there lies an elementary question. Does this theory hold even an ounce of water?
To hang one's hat on the lab-leak theory and the grandiose narrative of the Covid Pandemic requires contorted mental gymnastics and a blind faith in the esoteric.
Countless incongruities point to the lab-leak theory—and the virus itself—being a myth.
Here are a few peculiarities that should cause any reasonable person to question the lab-leak theory:
The "first wave" of Covid deaths in the US occurred almost exclusively in nursing homes and
hospitals, not in the general population.
QUESTION: How is it possible that this virus targeted only those institutions and not the rest of the country?
* The groups that appeared to be exclusively targeted by this alleged bioweapon were the elderly and the sickly.
QUESTION: Why did it jump over children and healthy people?
* During that initial wave of Covid, only certain states in the US were impacted and only certain regions in various countries were affected. Curiously, many of these Covid-affected states and regions happen to be side by side. This includes the world's longest land border between two nations—the US and
Canada—which is also one of the most heavily trafficked.
QUESTION: Was the gain-of-function hobgoblin designed to recognize state and national borders and congregate on and near those geographical boundaries?
* This lab-leaked daemonic entity killed many more victims where de facto police state emergency measures were fiercest and far fewer victims in contiguous jurisdictions where the countermeasures taken by authorities were much milder.
QUESTION: Why?
* During that reputed first wave the people impacted were almost exclusively poor, and many were disabled.
QUESTION: How, pray tell, was this Frankenstein virus trained to avoid upper middle class and wealthy people? How did it know to sidestep healthy and able people?
* The Covid virus, so-called, apparently struck without warning. There was no observable evidence of contagion in late 2019 or early 2020 that would lead up to a mass death event. In the US and in alleged hotspots elsewhere, the Covid Death Event began to be reported precisely the same week the WHO declared a global pandemic—in mid-March 2020.
QUESTIONS:
What dark magic was involved that trained this microbial Kraken to be released only upon administrative orders and to peak in synchroneity only in select locations?
Are we to believe a suddenly super-spreading, deadlier-than-flu, gain-of-function virus waited for a government decree to create excess deaths?
How come this deadly lab-leaked virus caused no mass death in the Chinese city where a lab leak is said to have originated at the Wuhan Institute of Virology?
* The ostensible virus did not migrate from northern Italy to central or southern Italy, nor did it impact other parts of Europe.
Instead, it hopped, skipped, jumped its way straight to a public hospital in the Elmhurst neighborhood of Queens, New York City.
QUESTION: Huh?
What each of these outlandish events illustrates is that there was no global viral event. Instead, what we saw play out was that radically different public health policies and mandates in a handful of jurisdictions around the world produced radically different health results.
The lab-leak theory reinforces the idea that "the virus" is a real problem that needs to be solved rather than a fear-based control mechanism. It bolsters the notion that a deadly, man-made, "novel"virus caused an "unprecedented medical emergency" for which a raft of invasive policies—including the worldwide suspension of basic civil liberties—would become justified.
A further but related result of focusing on the wild lab-leak conjecture is that it shores up the "deadly novel virus" suddenly appeared narrative, which provides the rationale for the biosecurity complex to siphon trillions from taxpayers through the aptly named pandemic preparedness industry.
Another consequence of accepting the lab-leak supposition is to distract attention from how the perception of a pandemic/mass panic was conjured with staged Hollywood productions, doomsday models, and the meaningless PCR tests that fraudulently manufactured cases and spuriously attributed deaths from other causes to Covid.
But perhaps the biggest problem with promoting the lab-leak theory is that it reifies the Big Lie that there ever was a pandemic caused by a unique viral pathogen in the spring of 2020. In so doing, the theory hides the crimes that were committed in the hospitals and nursing homes and provides cover for the criminals who designed and executed this top-down operation.
Not only does the pandemic narrative serve to conceal the fact that this was a mass murder directly attributable to policies mandated by identifiable individuals, but it also serves as a smokescreen for the entire Covid operation that is still steamrolling people's lives.
Nonsense. My family was very healthy, lived in an area with no severe government response, yet we were very sick, coincident with positive test results. That story was repeated many times among our friends. The "no virus" or "severity only due to government policy" nonsense is divorced from the reality of personal experience and that within 2 degrees of separation.
There seems to be an overwhelming amount of circumstantial evidence that Sars-Cov-2 came from a lab, yet despite that some are still writing it off and pushing the zoonotic spillover idea as the only one with any evidence for it:
Yes, it’s disingenuous and unscholarly for people to claim there is “no evidence” for a lab origin. Such comments reveal more about the person saying them than about the matter at hand - there is a LOT of evidence that is far more consistent with a lab origin than a natural origin, and when we combine the weight of these many independent pieces of evidence the case for a lab origin is overwhelming.
The scientist I responded to in my video got a coincidence analogy wrong and presented something as evidence that seemed to be anything but. It`s important to look at the confluence of evidence and that points to a lab leak as you say. Even from a layman`s perspective it was always suspicious that the pandemic originated from a city which just happened to be doing work on bat coronaviruses.
The evidence for "lab leak" is poor to non-existent.
The evidence for iatrogenic murder, data fraud and racketeering is massive and conclusive.
This doesn't even get into the quackery of genomic sequencing itself and doesn't even get into the the numerous frauds that surround the very (non) existence of SARS-CoV-2.
About the only thing you can find that is more outlandish than the Reality-TV lab leak insanity is the Reality-TV zoonotic rubbish.
Please stay in reality. They murdered people through public health despotism and created the illusion of a pandemic through massive data fraud , behavioral psychology manipulations and fake images and mass propaganda.
You win the best response here. The “virus” causation of disease just goes on and on and on, with all the fancy furin cleavage and computer generated codes and blah. How about the fact that it’s never been isolated and Koch’s Postulate never proven transmission and repeatable disease outcome? But we Do know that bacteria, bacteriophages, and fungus, and emfs and toxic chemicals cause illnesses.
Yes, you make a good point. I try to avoid name-calling (sorry, whomever you are, I apologize), but I find myself appalled by the "the virus didn't exist" fundamentalists.
"Lab leaked bio-weapon" is a variant (!) of the "Pandemic"/"COVID-19"/"SARS-Cov-2” disinformation narrative, which has enabled mega-fraud, mass murder and global tyranny.
The likes of Dr. Denis Rancourt have demonstrated the complete lack of any evidence of a "pandemic" in 2020, excess deaths distributed in a highly discontinuous pattern totally at odds with the very notion of "pandemic." https://denisrancourt.substack.com/p/there-was-no-pandemic
There is no unique disease called "COVID-19." Per all the latest pronouncements from global health agencies, this "disease" has no unique symptoms distinguishing it from other respiratory diseases, it can only be detected via a test for the alleged pathogen, "SARS-CoV-2," PCR and other tests used to this end detect not the alleged virus, but short segments of nucleic acid alleged to be parts of its genome, or proteins alleged to be the viruses antibodies.
And none of these tests can be validated because this virus has never been physically isolated and purified. All that researchers have are computer generated sequences, based upon metagenomic transcription, millions of short segments of nucleic acid assembled via computer programs into alleged full genomes, with hundreds of thousands of possible genomes obtained as results, and selection from these made upon arbitrary criteria and matches with other... computer models. The studies claiming to detect SARS-CoV-2 all go back to a couple of studies in China in January 2020 which came up with the purported MN908947 and 402123 genomes, master acts of deception. See https://planetwaves.fm/coming-friday-sequence-shell-game-the-story-of-mn908947-and-402123/
Indeed, 220+ different public health agencies around the world have admitted in responses to FOIA information requests by the Canadian Christine Massey, MS in biostatistics, that they have no proof for the physical isolation and purification of this virus, and know of no one who does.
Thus, any tests which purport to find SARS-CoV-2 and thus detect "COVID-19" are not only inaccurate, they are outright fraudulent.
One has to wonder why anyone who claims to be part of the "health freedom movement" is helping the continued perpetration of fraud, the cover up of mass murder, and the legitimating of tyranny.
Precisely. And then there's the mysterious disappearance of influenza (ILI) and its equally mysterious reappearance once everyone was injected and the 'pandemic' was mysteriously 'over'. What this actually looks like is a criminal globalist conspiracy to test modern cyber-systems for creating mass panic, locking down populations and getting a needle in every arm.
The so-called 'science' behind the so-called 'pandemic was and remains basically garbage.
Yep, deaths which very likely would have happened anyway due to the usual reasons were simply labeled "COVID" on the basis of the invalid tests. The geographical distribution pattern of what relatively few excess deaths there were world-wide is totally incompatible with the hypothesis of pathogenic spread.
Virology in general is garbage.
See this by Mark Bailey, a Farewell to Virology, 9/15/22.
The FBI has been investigating the cause of the pandemic, not under its criminal investigation powers but as a threat to national security. As you know, the FBI believes with moderate confidence that the pandemic originated from a lab leak. But the FBI does have trouble getting much information, since the virus originated in China, and the Chinese government is not cooperating. with the FBI's investigation.
As far as I know, the Department of Justice has not been involved because there is no evidence of any federal crime.
Speaking for myself, I am glad that the FBI and the DOJ are not stretching their legal boundaries, but instead are following the rules that limit their power. The last thing we need is a federal law enforcement agency going after American citizens without probable cause that a federal crime has been committed.
I definitely agree that it’s reassuring to know agencies are following the rules that limit their power.
One hopes they haven’t encountered any challenges acquiring information about possible research-related threats to national security. I hope they can get to the bottom of this.
I'll take this as careful sarcasm. As we have seen in the last few years, the FBI definitely has not been following the rules. The false FISA applications are but a tiny example of their misuse of their authority since the advent of the Biden/Obama administration. Jan 6, the SWAT-style arrests of completely peaceful pro-life individuals, the raid of a former president who was already cooperating with NARA (National Archives and Records Administration), and many other examples of their over-reach and harassment of Christians, conservatives, Catholics, etc. are proof of this contention.
The notion that the corrupt FBI are doing any real investigation is pure fantasy. Their conclusion of a lab leak is merely a smokescreen. They have all the evidence they need. Their lack of prosecution confirms they are almost certainly complicit. The deep state is in control.
Not sure if your last sentence was meant to be ironic or sarcastic but you could read it that way given actions by these agencies over the last few years.
To cite just one problematic issue, FBI has had the "Hunter Biden Laptop" for nearly five years. In that time, Hunter has been charged with lying about being a drug user when buying a gun and similar wrist slap worthy offenses. The FBI and similar long ago lost whatever credibility they may once have possessed.
This is straying from your (impeccably manned) wheelhouse I know, but what concrete steps do you think might lead to an appropriate response as outlined in the final paragraphs here? People talk about a UN investigation or whatever, but given Jeremy Farrar’s promotion to the top of that particular tree (and his involvement in the cover-up conspiracy) that seems to be a non-starter. Indeed, all the principal players seem to either have been promoted, be still up to their old tricks, or to be coasting into a dignified retirement. So much momentum and power, despite what we have known for years at this point (I see the recent revelations as cherries on the cake; if you could ignore it in 2022 you can ignore it now)… I was astonished, at first, when evidence started to emerge and the world sailed serenely on. Now I’m mostly just bleakly resigned to the idea that we’re living in a very different, and more doomed, world than I had previously thought. Nonetheless, it’s not a rhetorical question: what might one do to bring these people to justice and reduce the chances of a repeat?
It does seem like many wish for this to stay swept under the rug, and those who swept it there are at least nominally in positions of power. If there’s any hope, it’s in the many people who realize the virus most likely emerged from the lab despite diligent efforts from powerful players, it’s in the youth of the movement capable of remembering this for the next 40-60 years, it’s in the stories being told in prominent journals and media outlets, and it’s in the sword of Damosclese hanging precariously over the heads of those who caused the accident and those who covered it up.
You can’t imagine Farrar lives a peaceful, happy, and mentally well life knowing what he knows, nor will Fauci rest in peace knowing the historical stain of ignominy that will go next to his name, the eternal doubt about his integrity that leads to links detailing the full depth of his promotion of dangerous research. These people wish they were untainted heroes, and there’s hope in them not getting what they wish.
There’s also diligent efforts to improve biosafety. One must turn down the volume on obnoxious voices like Rasmussen et al to realize there are intense efforts to provide assurances that biological research will not kill us all.
Have faith in humanity and those who diligently try to make the world better, and also have faith that there are people, like me, who realize this came from a lab and have our whole careers ahead of us to hold this sword above the heads of those who have cheated accountability thus far.
Thank you, there is some comfort in some of that. But as to Fauci and Farrar… I honestly really don’t know. I actually think Fauci at least may have it all sewn up to his own satisfaction, morally speaking: thinking of the patrician contempt in his Senate testimony, the way he seemed to unshakeably just know that Rand Paul was a rube and a boob and _ex officio_ in the wrong… and his open, I can only call it boasting, about misleading people as to mask efficacy “all for the greater good.” There’s some evidence from those leaked Slack channels that a similar sort of reasoning was operative in justifying the cover-up. So it’s at least plausible to me that these people inhabit a world where they can do no wrong. I hope they are haunted. What I’d really like to see, as someone who has suffered significantly (albeit a lot less than millions of others!) from their actions, is for them to be forced, publicly and unflinchingly, to face up to what they’ve done. Some of the ritual humiliations from our cultural past spring to mind. Nothing physically violent mind you, although rotten vegetables might come into it…
Thank you for making this understandable for a lay audience. It's extremely clear. I also recognise the work of many diligent people is involved. Not in any way to diminish your own critical contributions.
Very good point about the many other diligent people who have contributed. I could make a very long list of names, and even that wouldn’t be complete, but at a very minimum DRASTIC deserves recognition - they uncovered DEFUSE and that is the single biggest piece of evidence for lab origin theory.
All of this is irrelevant given the pseudoscientific methods of virology, and the utter lack of scientific evidence for contagion. No one has a sample of this alleged "virus" to sequence, characterize or study, nor evidence of a contagious illness for "it" to have caused.
Extracting millions of sequences from lung fluid (or snot or a monkey/cow/human/bacteria/fungi soup aka cell culture) - none of which were shown to come from any specific particle let alone a particle fitting the definition of a "virus" - and assembling them into 1.3 million different contigs and then picking a contig and declaring it's a "SARS-COV-2 genome" is delusional at best. Yet that is how the reference "genome" came out, thanks to Fan Wu et al.
From there, more psuedoscience has been piled on top of the earlier pseudoscience, none of which demonstrates the existence of the alleged submicroscopic replication-competent intracellular parasite causing contagious "covid" symptoms .
Analyzing fake "genomes" and discussing the origin of an imaginary "virus" is a waste of everyone's energy, keeps the delusion alive and thus enables the next scamdemic, more propaganda, more carnage, more control, more theft/surveillance/coercion, more division, more fear, more needless suffering.
Humanity will be far better off once the entire field of virology is seen for the absurdity that it is.
(I have literally hundreds of freedom of information responses showing that virology is a joke, freely available on my website fluoridefreepeel.ca.)
Exceptional, Alex. I don't know if others have mentioned this, but with the benefit of hindsight, no-one should forget that the actual bat sarbecovirus gain of function research was irrelevant at best, perfectly useless at worst, in helping in its purported objective - of accelerating development of vaccines and therapeutics for a novel virus.
Neither Oxford's viral-vector vaccine method, nor the BioNTECH or Moderna mRNA approaches, needed any of the Eco Health Alliance/WIV research to develop a vaccine candidate within weeks. All it took was the genetic sequence uploaded by Edward Holmes from Sydney University in early January 2020 to provide the necessary input.
Of course, the painfully elaborate deception methods Daszak et al engaged in to hide their complicity made the research next to useless. But the fact it wasn't necessary to the task of countering novel viruses means the entire enterprise is likely pointless. I do hope that lesson gets learned for all our sakes.
China made iPhones, but that doesn't make iPhone theirs; it belongs to the USA owners.
China made Nikes, but that doesn't make Nike theirs; it belongs to the USA owners.
China made SARSCoV2, but .....
Yes, according to Professor Francis Boyle, in a Feb 20, 2020 interview, the original gain of function work was done at UNC, Chapel Hill's BSL-3 lab, and Shi ZhengLi (director of the Wuhan lab ) was allowed to work on the virus with those at that lab and (IIRC) allowed to take specimens of the virus with her back to China. He stated that China provided a grant to UNC, purportedly as a "thank you" for allowing Shi ZhengLi to be involved.
Nothing learned! The push to create RNA injections as the new form of medical treatment is being pushed forward at warp speed!
Spot on! Luc Montagnier, the French virologist declared in June of 2020 that it was gain of function man made and was immediately discredited in the world press. The agenda was bio warfare initiated and must NOT be repeated!
This is impeccable work. Thank you for such an enlightening read.
As a fellow scientist (although not a biologist), I’d like to acknowledge your robust evidence-based approach. A truly superb piece.
The contrast with the DEFUSE folks (especially Peter Daszak and Ralph Baric) is striking. How do these people still have jobs? Even if it turned out that they somehow weren’t responsible for COVID, the existing evidence points to some serious malpractice. I don’t think they should be trusted with basic research, let alone heaps of grant money.
The answer to "why do they still have jobs" seems obvious to me: people much higher up than them were complicit in this. From the very beginning it looked to me like the US and Chinese governments both knew that they were complicit and (barring some off-message statements by Trump) they acted like it. They acted like accomplices. At the time I assumed it was because the US could not afford a rift with China. Since then more and more has come out about the direct involvement of the US with WIV in Wuhan.
I submit that Trump was not knowingly involved. When he ordered a stop to flights from China to the U.S., Nancy Pelosi made a public appearance in SF's Chinatown, telling the people of China to come and visit. I believe that was an intentional act to increase the number of persons from China infecting American citizens. I do not believe the timing and use of Covid-19 to allow those on the Left an excuse for forcing mail-in ballots on all of us was coincidence.
Yes it's my assumption also that he was unaware. And most likely the facts were being withheld from him by those who did do know.
Yup. Occams razor told us this long ago. Hanlons razor tells us to ascribe it to incomptence rather than malice.
Incompetence before the fact. Absolutely malice mixed in with additional incompetence after the fact.
Remember when 89 year old Luc Montagnier said some of the sequences in that SARS CoV-2 virus seemed not to be naturally occurring?
His marbles were still rolling.
Heroic, independent researchers have demonstrated exactly that.
Yup. I won"t be holding my breath waiting for the evils ones to be charged with democide. I believe the whole operation is run by the bankers and their minions at the D.O.D. THEY TOLD US STRAIGHT UP THEY WANT TO CONTROL THE POPULATION.
Democide is exactly the correct term. However, Fauci's involvement from the very start (re-funding EcoHealth after being told to stop) and the timing of the outbreak in the U.S. - with Nancy Pelosi on TV telling the Chinese people to come to San Francisco - is more than suspect. It smacks of planning by those within our own government. Funny (not) how "conspiracy theory" has been proven true so often in recent times.
He, in fact, told us that Trump would face a pandemic.
Yes God Bless Montagnier, an honest and brave man of science. God bless Kary Mullis for leaving us the recording of him saying "Fauci dosen't know anything about anything" in regards to trying to use his PCR test to isolate a specific pathogen, the Gold Standard for testing for positive/negative of Sars-Cov2! The "American bureaucrats including the beloved Regan, had Fauci run the show. This is not a mistake, it is paid for by the elitists/bankers/lizards according to Icke/freaks that own and operate the system we all agree to.
Many people of Kary Mullis' era understood that Fauci was not a scientist.
Cover-ups suggest more than mere incompetence.
Yes indeed. They just want us to believe it was just dolts botching shit. Just try to prove intentful malice though.
Yes, the whole debacle was indicative of planning, not incompetence. The release might have been accidental, but if so, the CCP took full advantage of it when they (reportedly) stopped all commercial air travel within China but allowed international travel, out of Wuhan, at least. If it wasn't planned, what was Shi ZhengLi doing at Chapel Hill during the gain of function work?
You think China took advantage of it, that they weren't just scared out of their knickers and had no idea what to do other than to shut down their economy? The Chinese may have paid a larger price than we did and that is why their economy is in worse straits than ours. Daszek, Baric, Gates and the NIAId seem to be the most responsible. Of course Fauci's lack of brain cells fueled this whole debacle.
Fauci followed his orders from the DOD. He was not a rogue actor. Latypova and others digging out the contracts have proven that.
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Follow the money. Anything associated with Bill Gates self proclaimed goal of reducing the population by ten to fifteen percent through vaccination is an association of malice. And the Deep State is a whole lot bigger than Bill.
True. But will they ever be charged? Not until our mob steps up and demands it.
(1 of 2) Here are some links to items mentioned above, for people like me who want to at least look at the articles, even if we don't have time to read them fully or the expertise to properly understand and evaluate them.
I also attempt to fill in some details of how researchers create the genome of SARS-CoV-2, or similar viruses as proposed in DEFUSE, entirely from shorter segments of custom-synthesized DNA. I am not a virologist or geneticist, and I found it hard to understand all these discussions in a concrete sense, because I wrongly assumed that the restriction enzymes were to be used to cut up (cleave) DNA which was copied physically from the RNA of an actual virus. In fact, if I understand this correctly, these enzymes are a crucial part of assembling a DNA master copy of the final RNA genome from shorter segments of DNA which can be reliably synthesized.
Some of this terminology used by virologists can be hard for non-virologists to understand.
Worobey et al. 2022-07-26: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abp8715 (260 Google Scholar citations.)
Alex, can you point to the the research concerning the location and timing of Internet searches for care-seeking terms in the Wuhan area?
Pekar et al. 2022-08-26 https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/science.abp8337 . (145 GS citations.) The current PDF includes corrections due to the bug in the Perl code, as mentioned above: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adl0585 .
Michael Wiessman's 2024-01-11 preprint critique of Worobey et al.'s article, revised on 2024-01-21, is "Proximity Ascertainment Bias in Early Covid Case Locations": https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.08680 .
The DEFUSE proposal was to generate multiple novel, fully functional, viruses whose genomes were largely derived from particular segments, in novel combinations, of the genomes of multiple bat coronaviruses, and to add a proteolyic (protein cleaving) cleavage site (furin is a human enzyme which cleaves proteins when it latches on to one of several combinations of adjacent amino acids in a protein) into the spike protein between the S1 and S2 sections, in order to make it more effective at infecting human cells. (The spike protein is a complex mechanical system, and breaking the protein in two at the right time enhances its ability to infect the cell: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41580-021-00418-x .)
The testing was to be done on mice which were genetically engineered (by Ralph Baric and colleagues at University of North Carolina) to have the human version of the ACE2 receptor on the outside of cells in their lungs and airways. This is reckless gain of function (GoF) research - deliberately making one or more chimeric viruses (the genome is assembled from parts of multiple related virus genomes, plus the furin cleavage site) in order to make them capable of causing disease and so presumably transmission and harm or death in humans.
The plan was to further alter these viruses so they would become infectious, but not deadly, to bats. These would then be used as a self-replicating "vaccine" to be sprayed by battery powered automated equipment (in a subsequent project) installed at the entrances to bat caves all over the world, particularly in China and Southeast Asia. The supposed purpose of this was to immunize all such bats against some currently unidentified and/or yet to evolve variation of existing viruses which might evolve in bats in ways which would enable these viruses to infect humans.
Never mind the practicalities of finding all the bat caves and maintaining tens of thousands of these spray stations deep in jungles all over the world, or the bats trying to avoid being sprayed. Never mind the chance that these viruses would, themselves, evolve into a virus which does cross over to humans and cause a deadly pandemic. The proposal was not only reckless, but wildly implausible as a method of reducing the chance of human epidemics. I wonder what the hell Peter Daszak and the other DEFUSE authors were smoking.
The real purpose of this proposal was surely to get millions of dollars of taxpayer money to fund the so-called non-profit EcoHealth Alliance (EHA). It is certainly profitable for the president, Peter Daszak, who was paid USD$410,000 in 2019 to run this "non-profit" and do similar work: https://nypost.com/2021/06/04/who-is-peter-daszak-exec-who-sent-taxpayer-money-to-wuhan-lab/ .
Until recently I was unable to understand the process by which EHA, Ralph Baric and colleagues and/or the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WiV) created these chimeric viruses. A central part of the process was particular restriction enzymes, which can recognise a pattern of 4 nucleotides in a strand (or circular plasmid) of DNA, and cleave the strands next to this pattern, leaving the ends with four nucleotides of single strand DNA which can then be attracted to and bind to another strand (such as that which remains on the other half of the cleavage, with complementary nucleotides) with a ligation enzyme rejoining them to form normal double strand DNA again.
I thought that the researchers were working with a plasmid of DNA which was a copy of the information contained in the actual RNA of a corona virus. DNA is much more robust and easier to manipulate than RNA. So I thought that the role of these restriction enzymes was to cut up such DNA into multiple sections, to do this with the genomes of multiple species of coronavirus, and then to rejoin sections from multiple species to create a novel, genuinely chimeric, virus. However, I could not understand how they were apparently able to orchestrate these restriction sites, with some freedom, to place them in particular locations, including in the middle of whole genes, when they were getting one gene from one virus and another gene from another virus.
Recently I read parts of this tutorial on Golden Gate Assembly: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssynbio.2c00355 and pages such as: https://www.neb.com/en-au/golden-gate/golden-gate and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Gate_Cloning.
My understanding, which I hope Alex will check and correct if necessary, is now that the RNA for the final functional viruses were made by an enzymatic copy of the genetic information in a DNA plasmid (circular piece of double strand DNA), and that the purpose of these restriction enzymes is to assemble this plasmid from shorter sections contained within other plasmids, where those other plasmids are all entirely synthesized. So there is no physical copying from actual virus RNA genomes at all.
As best I understand it, the researchers create an ideal genome for the virus they want to create, as a computer file. They can do this with a text editor or more elaborate techniques. The file is a long list of characters, each representing one of four nucleotides. This can be interpreted, by humans, computer software and in Nature by ribosomes as triplets of nucleotides (each triplet is a codon) which specify, primarily, one of 20 amino acids in that position in the protein produced according to this genetic information by a cell's ribosome.
Continued in 2 of 2.
(2 of 2) The researchers can copy these strings of nucleotide-representing characters from known viral genetic sequences, with whatever additions, deletions and alterations they like.
If it was possible to order DNA to be made according to that final file (about 30,000 nucleotides for SARS-CoV-2), then the researchers would simply upload the file to one of many companies which synthesize DNA to order. However, the whole genome is too long for this. It is only practical to synthesize shorter pieces of DNA, since longer pieces have too many errors.
So the researchers need to split their ideal genome into multiple shorter sections (as few as possible, with each section not too long), each of which will be the major part of a plasmid they can have synthesized to their exact specification. They would get a vial containing billions of copies of one DNA plasmid, and another vial containing billions of a second plasmid and so on - six in this case.
To do this, they have to alter the computer file of their ideal genome in ways which contain the restriction enzyme recognition sites. (I guess these are retained in the final DNA, and so viral genome, but I understand there are ways of avoiding this.) As best I understand it, this can be done by finding sections of the genome which can be altered to create the recognition patterns, and the desired 4 four base-pairs of nucleotides which will form the 4 long single strand (sticky, meaning they can join with another such tail which matches) tails after the cleavage. These tails are made to have patterns of nucleotides so that the right end of segment 1 has a tail which is attracted to the left end of segment 2, so the two segments will be joined in the Golden Gate Assembly process (and likewise all 6 segments in the correct order to form a plasmid with the full viral genome), as the result of the following process, which the researchers do in their lab with almost no equipment: They mix all the original plasmids in a test tube with restriction enzymes and the ligation enzymes which bonds the segments together. Each set of enzymes operates at a different temperature, with the enzymes being activated to cleave and then join, multiple times, simply by changing the temperature. By careful design, only the desired segments in each of the 6 synthetic plasmids are joined to make the final desired, full length, plasmid.
To create the recognition sites and nearby patterns of nucleotides which would become the sticky tails of the separated segments, one from each of the 6 synthetic DNA plasmid, it is, as best I understand it, necessary to find a short section, in the desired approximate location, of the ideal genome which can have its nucleotides altered in ways which achieve the desired patterns, without altering the proteins which these nucleotides instruct the cell's mitochondria to manufacture when this viral RNA programs the cell to produce more viruses. This is a simple matter of text editing the file, but there would be high levels of skill and/or specialised software to find the best places to make the required changes.
Triplets of three adjacent nucleotides (each one of the four possible nucleotides, in DNA abbreviated to T, C, A and G, which match their RNA equivalents, abbreviated to U, C, A and G) constitute a codon - a single body of information which tells the cell's ribosome which of 20 amino acids to add to the growing protein, or whether to stop or do something else.
There are 4 x 4 x 4 = 64 possible states of each triplet of nucleotides, 60 of which specify one of 20 amino acids. All but one amino acid can be specified by two or more combinations of nucleotides.
If, by editing their computer file, the researchers change a triplet of nucleotides in a codon from ACA to ACG, as part of creating their desired restriction enzyme recognition sites and related tail codons, then they can do this without changing the triplet's function of specifying the amino acid proline. This change, which in Nature would be known as a mutation, of the codon's third nucleotide from Adenine to Guanine, is known as a "silent mutation" since it does not alter the amino acid which is used to build this part of the final protein which this section of the genome (the gene which encompasses this codon) specifies.
Restriction enzyme recognition sites occur naturally in viruses in the wild. The six restriction enzyme sites found in 2022 by Bruttel, Van Dongen and Washburne https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.10.18.512756v2 (preprint, which I understand is undergoing peer review for journal publication) were somehow shown to result from (or, I guess be capable of being produced by manually created) silent mutations at a rate which is much greater than would be expected if these sites had evolved in natural viruses. This is further, strong, evidence for the original SARS-CoV-2 genome to have been designed by researchers, on their computer, to be assembled with the help of two specific restriction enzymes, BsaI and BsmBI, using Golden Gate Assembly, rather than having evolved naturally in real viruses.
Bruttel et al. discovered that the SARS-CoV-2 genome contains (or contains evidence of) six such restriction sites, and that these were relatively evenly spaced - which is statistically extremely unlikely in a naturally evolved virus.
"PI" means Principal Investigator.
"Rescuing" a virus from a genetic sequence stored in a computer file means taking that genetic data, working on it as just described to prepare it for a "reverse genetics" DNA plasmid assembly technique such as Golden Gate, ordering the DNA plasmids to be made according to the results of those transformations, mixing the plasmids with the restriction and the joining (ligation) enzymes, running the process to create the desired single full sized plasmid, taking some steps to find the error-free versions of such plasmids, creating RNA from such plasmids and injecting (via electrically disrupting cell walls) that RNA into cells which are then programmed by the RNA to create copies of that RNA and the virus particles which enclose those copies. So the cells produce complete, infective, viruses in a totally synthetic process which starts with one or more computer files.
It is common practice to carry out at least a subset of research work before applying for funding to do such work fully. Otherwise, there is a danger of accepting and spending funding and then being unable to deliver the promised goods. So it is likely that some or many of the elements of the DEFUSE funding proposal had already been done by Ralph Baric and colleagues, including those at WiV, before the funding proposal was submitted.
As far as I know, it is not clear where the genome was designed (University of North Carolina, or WiV), where the DNA plasmid and then RNA copy was created and where the RNA was used to make actual viruses. It hardly matters, since the US and Chinese government funded all the research at UNC and WiV, with the researchers at both locations working together. The researchers and their governments have been covering up their work ever since.
The most important individual in this whole affair is undoubtedly UNC Professor Ralph Baric, who devised all the specialised genetic engineering techniques for corona viruses, and who had already done GoF research in 2016 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1517719113 to create coronaviruses which are adept at infecting humans (tested in mice with human ACE2). He nonchalantly refers to such research, which could have lead to a COVID-19 like pandemic (since the virus killed most of the mice), in this video https://youtu.be/UuERPvBFfco?t=614: See also: https://nutritionmatters.substack.com/p/the-origins-of-sars-cov-2 .
Alex, can you confirm and provide a reference for the following? I recall that the particular nucleotides which make the proteins in the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein's furin cleavage sites are in a pattern most favored by researchers - CGG CGG - and least likely to occur by natural evolution: 6 nucleotides (perhaps base-pairs is a better term) in a row, making two codons which specify the two arginine amino acids which are a crucial part of the cleavage site. Arginine can be specified, in DNA, with CGT, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA or AGG. So there are 6 combinations the nucleotides could be in for both the first and the second codon, all with the same pair of resultant amino acids. This means there are 36 ways of specifying these two arginines.
The “genomic sequencing” for SARS-CoV-2 is complete fraud. The Corman-Drosten team developed the test for Covid-19 based on an In-silico Genetic Sequence (from a computer simulation).
They did not have any Viral Isolates of Covid-19 available, nor any clinical samples of anyone sick with the alleged new disease. Simply based on that, the test is invalid.
A new medical test must be validated against a 'Gold Standard", that is, a test which is 100% accurate.
The Corman-Drosten team, used the SARS sequence from 2003 (which was never properly purified or isolated, the same procedure was done with this virus as well), they then used the PCR primer related to that sequence, amplified it using PCR, sequenced what they amplified (they did this multiple times) and used the sequences that were different from the SARS sequence to develop primers for the diagnostic test. However, since there were no purified samples or Isolates of any kind, this entire experiment is made up.
A PCR test is not a diagnostic test, as it does not test for the presence of a virus, it simply tests for genetic material/genetic debri and must be coupled with Clinical Representation of a specific set of symptoms.
It turns out, when you input the sequences that are being tested for, to show a positive case, the sequences show up 93 times in the human genome, and approx. 91 times from Bacteria/Fungi (Microbes). These supposed "New" sequences show up in nature and are not new at all.
Never mind, you cannot possibly say these sequences are coming from a "new virus" if you don't have the virus in the first place.
The team then sends this test to China, to test for this "Novel" virus that they created a test for, with none of the "Novel" virus at their disposal.
The Chinese find these sequences in their 'Atypical Pneumonia" patients with non-specific respiratory symptoms, (obviously being that these sequences show up in humans), and they create an entire "Genome" based off of 1 Clinical Sample.
In order to create a Genome correctly, you would need hundreds upon thousands of samples to develop an actual accurate "Viral Genome", they took 1 person that tested positive with a PCR test created without any virus.
They take a Clinical Sample from a PCR Positive person's lung fluid, with symptoms consistent to "Atypical Pneumonia". They take only the Short RNA strands from the clinical sample, and put them into a Computer Program, these Programs being: Megahit and Trinity.
These two programs assemble a bunch of Contigs (Possible Genome structures) made up of all the short RNA strands from the person, which number 56 Million.
The Trinity computer came up with 1,329,960 contigs ranging from 201-11,760 base pairs, the Megahit computer came up with 384,096 contigs ranging from 200-30,474 base pairs. In layman, the computer generated almost 2 Million possible Genome Structures.
The longest contig (30,474 base pairs) was chosen, simply because it was the longest one. Upon further investigation, this genome was only 80% similar to SARS-COV 1 bat-like sequence. They then add some Sars 1 Sequences to make it look more like a SARS virus.
80%, is less similar than what humans are to house cats. The claim was the Genome totaled to 29,903 bases long, which negates 571 bases from the contig, if those weren't valid how do we know this entire contig is valid?
The Contig chosen, was created out of 123,613 different pieces of short RNA from the clinical genetic sample.
They don't know where these sequences are coming from, they don't know if the genome is real, they don't know the amount of error in the process, they don't know how many "reads" were correct, this entire thing is theoretical and computer generated.
Then come thousands of papers and studies and reports all based on...Turtles All The Way Down.
Fraud.
You’re way above me with the “contig” data, but how about this. They bring about massive contamination of the population with scientifically provable pathogens and/or dirty electricity/EMFs/microwave tech. or via spraying or contaminating water supplies. The “virus” theory is really byproducts or waste of cellular damage (some have referred to this as exozomes perhaps?) of which they have sequenced. How easy is it to fudge a diagnostic test to verify a “virus?” But I’m just a big dummy, what do I know.
Many thanks Robin for that additional information which really helps in understanding what Alex wrote.
Excellent additions! Thank you!
You need to start with where it all began - Fan Wu et al. Enjoy reading about the meaningless, assembled "genome" and see how a fake pandemic begins, no virus required.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2008-3
Lab leak theory is complete nonsense.
Once the curtain is pulled back on the unsubstantiated lab-leak hypotheses, the socially engineered sorcery of the Covid Pandemic is revealed as the base scheme that it is.
The lab-leak claim posits that SARS-CoV-2 is an engineered quasi-biological phenomenon rather than the computer-generated apparition it is.. This theory advances the fanciful Reality TV-like plot that a bioweapon miraculously escaped—or was released intentionally—from a biological research facility in faraway Wuhan, China, only to go on a rampage and kill millions of people. By implying that the virus was a man-made microbial murderer, promulgators of the lab-leak fable avoid facing the fact that the last three-and-a-half years were a deliberate, highly organized culling of the global population under the guise of protecting public health.
Unfortunately, many in-the-know folks who are skeptical of the medical industry's pharmacological fantasies are still trapped on the lab-leak circuit of the Covid merry-go-round. Midst the hyperfocus on gain-of-function research, furin cleavage sites, restriction enzymes, and the rest of the sci-fi vernacular that shroud the lab-leak hypothesis in scientific-sounding mumbo jumbo there lies an elementary question. Does this theory hold even an ounce of water?
To hang one's hat on the lab-leak theory and the grandiose narrative of the Covid Pandemic requires contorted mental gymnastics and a blind faith in the esoteric.
Countless incongruities point to the lab-leak theory—and the virus itself—being a myth.
Here are a few peculiarities that should cause any reasonable person to question the lab-leak theory:
The "first wave" of Covid deaths in the US occurred almost exclusively in nursing homes and
hospitals, not in the general population.
QUESTION: How is it possible that this virus targeted only those institutions and not the rest of the country?
* The groups that appeared to be exclusively targeted by this alleged bioweapon were the elderly and the sickly.
QUESTION: Why did it jump over children and healthy people?
* During that initial wave of Covid, only certain states in the US were impacted and only certain regions in various countries were affected. Curiously, many of these Covid-affected states and regions happen to be side by side. This includes the world's longest land border between two nations—the US and
Canada—which is also one of the most heavily trafficked.
QUESTION: Was the gain-of-function hobgoblin designed to recognize state and national borders and congregate on and near those geographical boundaries?
* This lab-leaked daemonic entity killed many more victims where de facto police state emergency measures were fiercest and far fewer victims in contiguous jurisdictions where the countermeasures taken by authorities were much milder.
QUESTION: Why?
* During that reputed first wave the people impacted were almost exclusively poor, and many were disabled.
QUESTION: How, pray tell, was this Frankenstein virus trained to avoid upper middle class and wealthy people? How did it know to sidestep healthy and able people?
* The Covid virus, so-called, apparently struck without warning. There was no observable evidence of contagion in late 2019 or early 2020 that would lead up to a mass death event. In the US and in alleged hotspots elsewhere, the Covid Death Event began to be reported precisely the same week the WHO declared a global pandemic—in mid-March 2020.
QUESTIONS:
What dark magic was involved that trained this microbial Kraken to be released only upon administrative orders and to peak in synchroneity only in select locations?
Are we to believe a suddenly super-spreading, deadlier-than-flu, gain-of-function virus waited for a government decree to create excess deaths?
How come this deadly lab-leaked virus caused no mass death in the Chinese city where a lab leak is said to have originated at the Wuhan Institute of Virology?
* The ostensible virus did not migrate from northern Italy to central or southern Italy, nor did it impact other parts of Europe.
Instead, it hopped, skipped, jumped its way straight to a public hospital in the Elmhurst neighborhood of Queens, New York City.
QUESTION: Huh?
What each of these outlandish events illustrates is that there was no global viral event. Instead, what we saw play out was that radically different public health policies and mandates in a handful of jurisdictions around the world produced radically different health results.
The lab-leak theory reinforces the idea that "the virus" is a real problem that needs to be solved rather than a fear-based control mechanism. It bolsters the notion that a deadly, man-made, "novel"virus caused an "unprecedented medical emergency" for which a raft of invasive policies—including the worldwide suspension of basic civil liberties—would become justified.
A further but related result of focusing on the wild lab-leak conjecture is that it shores up the "deadly novel virus" suddenly appeared narrative, which provides the rationale for the biosecurity complex to siphon trillions from taxpayers through the aptly named pandemic preparedness industry.
Another consequence of accepting the lab-leak supposition is to distract attention from how the perception of a pandemic/mass panic was conjured with staged Hollywood productions, doomsday models, and the meaningless PCR tests that fraudulently manufactured cases and spuriously attributed deaths from other causes to Covid.
But perhaps the biggest problem with promoting the lab-leak theory is that it reifies the Big Lie that there ever was a pandemic caused by a unique viral pathogen in the spring of 2020. In so doing, the theory hides the crimes that were committed in the hospitals and nursing homes and provides cover for the criminals who designed and executed this top-down operation.
Not only does the pandemic narrative serve to conceal the fact that this was a mass murder directly attributable to policies mandated by identifiable individuals, but it also serves as a smokescreen for the entire Covid operation that is still steamrolling people's lives.
I'd say you have TKO'd the authors post with this eloquent comment.
Nonsense. My family was very healthy, lived in an area with no severe government response, yet we were very sick, coincident with positive test results. That story was repeated many times among our friends. The "no virus" or "severity only due to government policy" nonsense is divorced from the reality of personal experience and that within 2 degrees of separation.
I don't believe you.
Let's hear some details.
"Positive test results"- laughs.
Oh no- people got sick. Never happened before until "The Covid" came around. Run, get a test.
"Can't think of anything else that could possibly make us sick- only what we are programmed to believe."
LOL.
Thank you. Excellent summary. I appreciate all of your hard work.
Thank you for diligently keeping track of the facts for the rest of us.
There seems to be an overwhelming amount of circumstantial evidence that Sars-Cov-2 came from a lab, yet despite that some are still writing it off and pushing the zoonotic spillover idea as the only one with any evidence for it:
https://youtu.be/Zxvn6VZVko8
Yes, it’s disingenuous and unscholarly for people to claim there is “no evidence” for a lab origin. Such comments reveal more about the person saying them than about the matter at hand - there is a LOT of evidence that is far more consistent with a lab origin than a natural origin, and when we combine the weight of these many independent pieces of evidence the case for a lab origin is overwhelming.
The scientist I responded to in my video got a coincidence analogy wrong and presented something as evidence that seemed to be anything but. It`s important to look at the confluence of evidence and that points to a lab leak as you say. Even from a layman`s perspective it was always suspicious that the pandemic originated from a city which just happened to be doing work on bat coronaviruses.
Are you kidding here?
The evidence for "lab leak" is poor to non-existent.
The evidence for iatrogenic murder, data fraud and racketeering is massive and conclusive.
This doesn't even get into the quackery of genomic sequencing itself and doesn't even get into the the numerous frauds that surround the very (non) existence of SARS-CoV-2.
About the only thing you can find that is more outlandish than the Reality-TV lab leak insanity is the Reality-TV zoonotic rubbish.
Please stay in reality. They murdered people through public health despotism and created the illusion of a pandemic through massive data fraud , behavioral psychology manipulations and fake images and mass propaganda.
You win the best response here. The “virus” causation of disease just goes on and on and on, with all the fancy furin cleavage and computer generated codes and blah. How about the fact that it’s never been isolated and Koch’s Postulate never proven transmission and repeatable disease outcome? But we Do know that bacteria, bacteriophages, and fungus, and emfs and toxic chemicals cause illnesses.
Go back to the woods, you nutcase.
Playing the nutcase is her job. Your job is to notice which particular type of comments she specifically targets and see if there's a reason for that.
Yes, you make a good point. I try to avoid name-calling (sorry, whomever you are, I apologize), but I find myself appalled by the "the virus didn't exist" fundamentalists.
"Lab leaked bio-weapon" is a variant (!) of the "Pandemic"/"COVID-19"/"SARS-Cov-2” disinformation narrative, which has enabled mega-fraud, mass murder and global tyranny.
The likes of Dr. Denis Rancourt have demonstrated the complete lack of any evidence of a "pandemic" in 2020, excess deaths distributed in a highly discontinuous pattern totally at odds with the very notion of "pandemic." https://denisrancourt.substack.com/p/there-was-no-pandemic
There is no unique disease called "COVID-19." Per all the latest pronouncements from global health agencies, this "disease" has no unique symptoms distinguishing it from other respiratory diseases, it can only be detected via a test for the alleged pathogen, "SARS-CoV-2," PCR and other tests used to this end detect not the alleged virus, but short segments of nucleic acid alleged to be parts of its genome, or proteins alleged to be the viruses antibodies.
And none of these tests can be validated because this virus has never been physically isolated and purified. All that researchers have are computer generated sequences, based upon metagenomic transcription, millions of short segments of nucleic acid assembled via computer programs into alleged full genomes, with hundreds of thousands of possible genomes obtained as results, and selection from these made upon arbitrary criteria and matches with other... computer models. The studies claiming to detect SARS-CoV-2 all go back to a couple of studies in China in January 2020 which came up with the purported MN908947 and 402123 genomes, master acts of deception. See https://planetwaves.fm/coming-friday-sequence-shell-game-the-story-of-mn908947-and-402123/
Indeed, 220+ different public health agencies around the world have admitted in responses to FOIA information requests by the Canadian Christine Massey, MS in biostatistics, that they have no proof for the physical isolation and purification of this virus, and know of no one who does.
https://www.fluoridefreepeel.ca/68-health-science-institutions-globally-all-failed-to-cite-even-1-record-of-sars-cov-2-purification-by-anyone-anywhere-ever/
Thus, any tests which purport to find SARS-CoV-2 and thus detect "COVID-19" are not only inaccurate, they are outright fraudulent.
One has to wonder why anyone who claims to be part of the "health freedom movement" is helping the continued perpetration of fraud, the cover up of mass murder, and the legitimating of tyranny.
Precisely. And then there's the mysterious disappearance of influenza (ILI) and its equally mysterious reappearance once everyone was injected and the 'pandemic' was mysteriously 'over'. What this actually looks like is a criminal globalist conspiracy to test modern cyber-systems for creating mass panic, locking down populations and getting a needle in every arm.
The so-called 'science' behind the so-called 'pandemic was and remains basically garbage.
Yep, deaths which very likely would have happened anyway due to the usual reasons were simply labeled "COVID" on the basis of the invalid tests. The geographical distribution pattern of what relatively few excess deaths there were world-wide is totally incompatible with the hypothesis of pathogenic spread.
Virology in general is garbage.
See this by Mark Bailey, a Farewell to Virology, 9/15/22.
https://drsambailey.com/a-farewell-to-virology-expert-edition/
Some highlights from the paper are here,
Mike Stone’s Excerpts from the Farewell essay.
https://audio.pwfm.tech/documents/farewell-to-virology-excerpts.pdf
Great comment ty for the links.
Thanks!
The FBI has been investigating the cause of the pandemic, not under its criminal investigation powers but as a threat to national security. As you know, the FBI believes with moderate confidence that the pandemic originated from a lab leak. But the FBI does have trouble getting much information, since the virus originated in China, and the Chinese government is not cooperating. with the FBI's investigation.
As far as I know, the Department of Justice has not been involved because there is no evidence of any federal crime.
Speaking for myself, I am glad that the FBI and the DOJ are not stretching their legal boundaries, but instead are following the rules that limit their power. The last thing we need is a federal law enforcement agency going after American citizens without probable cause that a federal crime has been committed.
I definitely agree that it’s reassuring to know agencies are following the rules that limit their power.
One hopes they haven’t encountered any challenges acquiring information about possible research-related threats to national security. I hope they can get to the bottom of this.
I'll take this as careful sarcasm. As we have seen in the last few years, the FBI definitely has not been following the rules. The false FISA applications are but a tiny example of their misuse of their authority since the advent of the Biden/Obama administration. Jan 6, the SWAT-style arrests of completely peaceful pro-life individuals, the raid of a former president who was already cooperating with NARA (National Archives and Records Administration), and many other examples of their over-reach and harassment of Christians, conservatives, Catholics, etc. are proof of this contention.
The notion that the corrupt FBI are doing any real investigation is pure fantasy. Their conclusion of a lab leak is merely a smokescreen. They have all the evidence they need. Their lack of prosecution confirms they are almost certainly complicit. The deep state is in control.
Not sure if your last sentence was meant to be ironic or sarcastic but you could read it that way given actions by these agencies over the last few years.
"Speaking for myself" , I detect no sense of irony whatsoever.
Replying to John Smithson
To cite just one problematic issue, FBI has had the "Hunter Biden Laptop" for nearly five years. In that time, Hunter has been charged with lying about being a drug user when buying a gun and similar wrist slap worthy offenses. The FBI and similar long ago lost whatever credibility they may once have possessed.
This is straying from your (impeccably manned) wheelhouse I know, but what concrete steps do you think might lead to an appropriate response as outlined in the final paragraphs here? People talk about a UN investigation or whatever, but given Jeremy Farrar’s promotion to the top of that particular tree (and his involvement in the cover-up conspiracy) that seems to be a non-starter. Indeed, all the principal players seem to either have been promoted, be still up to their old tricks, or to be coasting into a dignified retirement. So much momentum and power, despite what we have known for years at this point (I see the recent revelations as cherries on the cake; if you could ignore it in 2022 you can ignore it now)… I was astonished, at first, when evidence started to emerge and the world sailed serenely on. Now I’m mostly just bleakly resigned to the idea that we’re living in a very different, and more doomed, world than I had previously thought. Nonetheless, it’s not a rhetorical question: what might one do to bring these people to justice and reduce the chances of a repeat?
It does seem like many wish for this to stay swept under the rug, and those who swept it there are at least nominally in positions of power. If there’s any hope, it’s in the many people who realize the virus most likely emerged from the lab despite diligent efforts from powerful players, it’s in the youth of the movement capable of remembering this for the next 40-60 years, it’s in the stories being told in prominent journals and media outlets, and it’s in the sword of Damosclese hanging precariously over the heads of those who caused the accident and those who covered it up.
You can’t imagine Farrar lives a peaceful, happy, and mentally well life knowing what he knows, nor will Fauci rest in peace knowing the historical stain of ignominy that will go next to his name, the eternal doubt about his integrity that leads to links detailing the full depth of his promotion of dangerous research. These people wish they were untainted heroes, and there’s hope in them not getting what they wish.
There’s also diligent efforts to improve biosafety. One must turn down the volume on obnoxious voices like Rasmussen et al to realize there are intense efforts to provide assurances that biological research will not kill us all.
Have faith in humanity and those who diligently try to make the world better, and also have faith that there are people, like me, who realize this came from a lab and have our whole careers ahead of us to hold this sword above the heads of those who have cheated accountability thus far.
Thank you, there is some comfort in some of that. But as to Fauci and Farrar… I honestly really don’t know. I actually think Fauci at least may have it all sewn up to his own satisfaction, morally speaking: thinking of the patrician contempt in his Senate testimony, the way he seemed to unshakeably just know that Rand Paul was a rube and a boob and _ex officio_ in the wrong… and his open, I can only call it boasting, about misleading people as to mask efficacy “all for the greater good.” There’s some evidence from those leaked Slack channels that a similar sort of reasoning was operative in justifying the cover-up. So it’s at least plausible to me that these people inhabit a world where they can do no wrong. I hope they are haunted. What I’d really like to see, as someone who has suffered significantly (albeit a lot less than millions of others!) from their actions, is for them to be forced, publicly and unflinchingly, to face up to what they’ve done. Some of the ritual humiliations from our cultural past spring to mind. Nothing physically violent mind you, although rotten vegetables might come into it…
Leaving the investigation to civil lawyers always fails. Identify the prosecutors who are sitting on their hands and stigmatize them.
Thank you for making this understandable for a lay audience. It's extremely clear. I also recognise the work of many diligent people is involved. Not in any way to diminish your own critical contributions.
Very good point about the many other diligent people who have contributed. I could make a very long list of names, and even that wouldn’t be complete, but at a very minimum DRASTIC deserves recognition - they uncovered DEFUSE and that is the single biggest piece of evidence for lab origin theory.
Exhilarating, Alex.
Where it falls on the evolutionary tree
All of this is irrelevant given the pseudoscientific methods of virology, and the utter lack of scientific evidence for contagion. No one has a sample of this alleged "virus" to sequence, characterize or study, nor evidence of a contagious illness for "it" to have caused.
Extracting millions of sequences from lung fluid (or snot or a monkey/cow/human/bacteria/fungi soup aka cell culture) - none of which were shown to come from any specific particle let alone a particle fitting the definition of a "virus" - and assembling them into 1.3 million different contigs and then picking a contig and declaring it's a "SARS-COV-2 genome" is delusional at best. Yet that is how the reference "genome" came out, thanks to Fan Wu et al.
From there, more psuedoscience has been piled on top of the earlier pseudoscience, none of which demonstrates the existence of the alleged submicroscopic replication-competent intracellular parasite causing contagious "covid" symptoms .
Analyzing fake "genomes" and discussing the origin of an imaginary "virus" is a waste of everyone's energy, keeps the delusion alive and thus enables the next scamdemic, more propaganda, more carnage, more control, more theft/surveillance/coercion, more division, more fear, more needless suffering.
Humanity will be far better off once the entire field of virology is seen for the absurdity that it is.
(I have literally hundreds of freedom of information responses showing that virology is a joke, freely available on my website fluoridefreepeel.ca.)